The German language is not among the easiest, and many difficulties arise when it comes to proper sentence structure. Incorrect word order can completely change the meaning of a sentence — both in writing and in speaking. Would you like useful tips for correct German sentence construction? We are happy to share important information that will help you speak more precisely and logically.
German Sentence Structure Tips: Satzstrukturen im Deutschen
There are three basic structures for declarative sentences in German:
1. Standard Structure (V2 Position)
- Formula: Position 1: subject + Position 2: conjugated verb + complement.
- The verb in such main clauses always stands in second position.
- Example: “Ich lerne Deutsch.” (I am learning German.)
- These are the simplest types of sentences, allowing you to give clear and short answers to questions or to express facts about yourself and your activities.
2. With Changed Word Order (Inversion)
- Here, a different sentence element — e.g., a time expression — is placed in position 1, followed by the verb in position 2 and then the subject.
- Example: “Heute schaue ich einen Film.” (Today I’m watching a movie.)
- This structure is used when you want to emphasize something, such as a time adverbial.
3. With a Subordinate Clause (Verb at the End)
- Such sentences often consist of a main clause with a subject and verb and a subordinate clause in which the conjugated verb stands at the end.
- Example: “Ich denke, sie wird kommen.” (I think she will come.)
- These constructions can also become even more complex.
Questions Have Their Own Rules
- In yes/no questions, the verb stands in first position: “Kommt er heute?” (Is he coming today?)
- In W-questions, only the question word may stand before the verb: “Wohin gehst du?” (Where are you going?)
Common Mistakes in Sentence Structure
Let’s look at some of the most frequent mistakes German learners make:
1. Incorrect position of the verb in a declarative sentence:
- Example: “Ich nach Hause gehe.” (Incorrect)
- The verb must always be in second position in a main clause. Correct: “Ich gehe nach Hause.” (I’m going home.)
2. Mistakes in questions:
- If there is no question word, the verb must always be in first position.
- Example: “Sprichst du Deutsch?” — not “Du sprichst Deutsch?”
- The second version is a statement, not a question.
How to Learn Proper German Sentence Structure
To speak and write correctly, it is important to master word order in different types of sentences. Start with simple declarative sentences in the standard structure, then practice inversions. Once you develop a feeling for the V2 position, you can move on to subordinate clauses and questions.
Daily reading, listening to audio recordings, and watching videos in German are very helpful. If possible, immerse yourself in a German-speaking environment — contact with native speakers helps you internalize sentence structures more quickly.
How IISC Can Support You
We not only teach you how to speak and write but also help you learn to think in German. In our courses, you learn the basics while also deepening your existing knowledge and skills.
The IISC in Braunschweig offers educational programs for learners at all proficiency levels — from beginners to advanced students. Call us or use the contact form on our website to receive advice about our language courses and start your German-learning journey.